The Technology, Use and Manipulation of Weapons from the Late Bronze Age Transdanubia  Page description

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Details of project

  
Identifier
134910
Type PD
Principal investigator Tarbay, János Gábor
Title in Hungarian Késő bronzkori dunántúli fegyverek technológiája, használata és manipulációja
Title in English The Technology, Use and Manipulation of Weapons from the Late Bronze Age Transdanubia
Keywords in Hungarian késő bronzkor, fegyverzet, archeometria, technológia, használat
Keywords in English Late Bronze Age, weaponry, archaeometry, technology, use
Discipline
Archeology (Council of Humanities and Social Sciences)100 %
Ortelius classification: Archaeology
Panel Archeology
Department or equivalent Archaeology Department (Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Centre, Budapest)
Starting date 2020-12-01
Closing date 2024-02-29
Funding (in million HUF) 25.145
FTE (full time equivalent) 3.20
state running project





 

Final report

  
Results in Hungarian
A kutatási program eredményei alapján a vizsgált időszakban (Kr.e. 1400–900) a Dunántúl bronzfegyvereinek tekintélyes része nem szimbolikus tárgy volt. A korszak leletanyagának jelentős része valódi használatra alkalmas, késztermék volt, mely eredményt megerősítik a fegyverzet készítéstechnológiai és használatinyom elemzésének eredményei és a roncsolásmentes és roncsolásos elemösszetételi és szerkezeti vizsgálatok is. A helyi késő bronzkori fegyvereket valódi háborús szituációkban, képzett harcosok használhatták ember-ember elleni küzdelemben. A fegyverzet szempontjából a korszak képe tehát háborús időszakot feltételez, melynek csúcsa a Kr.e. 1300 és Kr.e. 1100 közötti időszakra tehető. A különböző törésformák, szándékos rongálási módok, ismétlődő tárgykombinációk alapján, a korabeli depókba, folyókba és sírokba nem véletlenszerűen, hanem átgondolt elvek mentén szándékosan válogatták ki a különböző állapotú páncélokat, pajzsokat és támadófegyvereket. Ezek a jellemzők és mintázatként visszatérő jelenségek a harcos identitáshoz kötődő kiforrott rituális rendszerek megjelenésére utalhatnak a korszakban.
Results in English
The results of the research programme show that in the period under study (1400–900 BC), the majority of bronze weapons in Transdanubia were not symbolic objects. A significant part of the artefacts was a finished product suitable for real use, a result confirmed by the metalwork production and wear analysis of technological use-wear traces, as well as by the analysis of the non-destructive and destructive elemental composition and structural characteristics of the finds. Local Late Bronze Age weapons were used in real man-to-man combat situations by skilled warriors. From the point of view of weaponry, the picture of the period thus suggests a period of great turmoil with a peak between 1300 BC and 1100 BC. Based on the different types of breakage, deliberate damage and recurring combinations of objects, the armour, shields and offensive weapons in various states of use were deliberately selected for the hoards, rivers and burials of the period, not at random but according to well-thought-out principles. These features and recurring patterns may indicate the emergence of elaborate ritual systems linked to warrior identity in the period.
Full text https://www.otka-palyazat.hu/download.php?type=zarobeszamolo&projektid=134910
Decision
Yes





 

List of publications

  
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Szentmiklósi László: Non-destructive analysis of a Late Bronze Age hoard from the Velem-Szent Vid hillfort, Journal of Archaeological Science 127, 1-25, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor: The Path of a Late Bronze Age »Warrior« - The selection of Weapons in Transdanubian Scrap Hoards: Rinyaszentkirály and Keszőhidegkút., In: Bardelli G, Graells i Fabregat R (eds), Ancient Weapons. Mainz, 91-144, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor: New Late Bronze Age Helmet Cheek Guard and an ’Arm Guard’ from Transdanubia, Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, 39–50, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor: Melted Swords and Broken Metal Vessels. A Late Bronze Age Assemblage from Tatabánya-Bánhida and the Selection of Melted Bronzes, Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae 3/7, 2020
Tarbay János Gábor: The Casting Mould and the Wetland Find. New Data ont he Late Bronze Age Peschiera Daggers, Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae 3/7, 5–20, 2020
Maróti Boglárka, Szentmiklósi László, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Tarbay János Gábor: Velem: Supplementary Materials 2., Mendeley Data (Maróti et al. 2021), 2021
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Szentmiklósi László: Velem: Supplementary Material 3, Mendeley Data, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor: The legacy data of Late Bronze Age elemental composition analyses from Transdanubia, Mendeley Data V3, https://10.17632/s95z5xp5sr.3, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023b in progress): Biographical Possibilities of Spear Deposition in Transdanubia and the Late Bronze Age Spearheads from Budakeszi-Őzvölgy tető A and B hoards, In: Hršak T, Dizdard M (eds.), Prehistoric Communities along the Danube, Osijek (közlésre elfogadva), 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Soós Bence: Re-evaluation of the Late Bronze Age "warrior equipment" from the collection of the Ministry of Defence, Military History Institute and Museum, Hungary, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 51, 1–22, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: Changes in Late Bronze Age Transdanubian Weapon Hoarding, 27th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists. Widening Horizons. Session 232. Swords to Ploughshares – Conciliation as an alternative to conflicts. A, 2021
Szabadváry T, Tarbay JG, Soós B, Mozgai V, Pallag M: Az Enea Lanfranconi-hagyaték régészeti és numizmatikai vonatkozásúanyaga a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményeiben, COMMUNICATIONES ARCHAEOLOGICAE HUNGARIAE 2019: (2021) pp. 51-106, 2021
János Gábor Tarbay, Boglárka Maróti , Zoltán Kis , György Káli , László Szentmiklósi: Velem: Supplementary Materials 1, Mendeley Data, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor: Twin Hoards. Metals and Deposition in the Buda Hills, the Pilis and the Visegrád Mountains during the Late Bronze Age, Archaeologia Hungarica 53. Budapest, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor: Late Bronze Age Detachable Barbed Harpoons with Line-Hole and a Spur from Hungary., Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 53/3, 331-361, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor: A Koszider-Period Sword from Tornyospálca-Sírkútgaz (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Hungary), Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor: The Hajdúböszörmény-Csege-halom Hoard and its Related Finds in Europe, Praehistorische Zeitschrift, aop, 1–48, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023 in press): Copper and Bronze Age Finds from the Carpathian Basin and its adjacent areas in the Schröder Collection of the Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the Collection of, In: Ettel, P., Heinrich-Tamáska, O., Opitz, K. (eds): Mit dem Etikett „Ungarn” versehen: Funde aus dem Karpatenbecken in der Studiensammlung des Lehrstuhls für Ur- und Fr, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka: Preliminary Handheld XRF Analysis of Late Bronze Age Metal Finds from the Budakeszi-Őzvölgy-tető site (Pest County, Hungary)., Archeometriai Műhely 20/1, 23-35, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: Late Bronze Age spears in the 'floor' from Velem-Szent Vid, Archeologické rozhledy LXXIV (2022, 2023) 479-504, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor (2023 in press): The Detachable Barbed Bronze Harpoon Heads with a Loop., In: Király, A. (ed.), From tea leaves to leaf-shaped tools. Studies in honour of Zsolt Mester on his sixtieth birthday, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: A bronzkori kard útja, Tárgyak, korok, emberek. Budapest, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: Beyond Burials with Weapons: Where is the ”richness” gone?, In: Dolfini, A., Frieman, C., Harrison, E., Molloy, B. (eds.): Prehistoric Warriorhood in Transition. Session 86. 28th EAA AM Budapest, 75, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Soós Bence: New Approaches to Understanding Late Bronze Age Sword Deposition in the Transdanubian River Section of the Danube, In: Sampaio, H. A., Bettencourt, A., Diaz-Guardamino, M. (eds.): Waterscapes: Traces of Interaction between People and Water from Neolithic to Bronze Age Europe. 8th EAA, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka: Late Bronze Age swords with leaded hilts from Hungary., Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2022/2, 83–96, 2023
Kósa Polett, Tarbay János Gábor, Miklós Dóra Georgina: The Late Bronze Age Casting Moulds from Poroszló-Aponhát, Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2022/2 (2023), 57–81, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Soós Bence, Péterváry Tamás, Bárány Annamária, Lukács Balázs: The Somló Hill and a New Late Bronze Age Hoard, Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2023, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor; Maróti Boglárka (2023 in progress, lektorálás alatt): Leaded spearhead from Budakeszi-Őzvölgy-tető hoard A, Archeometriai Műhely, 2024
Tarbay János Gábor: Two spearheads in Late Bronze Age hoards, Mendeley Data V2 (adatbázis). https://doi:10.17632/yv9z2ht3pm.2, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Soós Bence: Parallels of the Late Bronze Age Warrior Equipment from the Collection of the MoD MHIM, Mendeley Data V3. https://doi:10.17632/x4p7xxjwmk.3, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: LBA Transdanubian Weapon Combinations, Mendeley Data V2. https://doi:10.17632/kc42rhb93m.2, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka: Manipulation of Wooden Spearhead Parts in Late Bronze Age Hoards from Hungary, In: Karabáš M., Kleinová K. (eds.), Belfast 30th August – 2nd September 2023. Weaving Narratives. Abstract Book 29th EAA Annual Meeting. Belfast, 421–422, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka: Alloys of West Hungarian Late Bronze Age spearheads, Akadémiai Kiadó (eds.): RANC. 3rd International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 7–12 May 2023, Budapest, Hungary. Budapest, 192–193, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: The Rite of Weapons: Late Bronze Age Transdanubian Weapon Hoarding, Fábián, Sz. –Tarbay, J.G. – Sziráki, K. (eds.): First Kings of Europe. Leadership and Inequality in Prehistoric Southeast Europe. International Conference., 2023
Tarbay János Gábor: The Technology, Use and Deposition of Spearheads during the Late Bronze Age in Transdanubia, In: Engelbogen F., Taylor N., Ricci A. (eds.), S31: Innovations in the Urnfield Culture. Kiel Conference. Scales of Social, Environmental & Cultural Change in Past Societ, 2023
János Gábor Tarbay, Boglárka Maróti , Zoltán Kis , György Káli , László Szentmiklósi (Tarbay et al. 2021b): Velem: Supplementary Materials 1, Mendeley Data, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023b in progress): Biographical Possibilities of Spear Deposition in Transdanubia and the Late Bronze Age Spearheads from Budakeszi-Őzvölgy tető A and B hoards, In: Hršak T, Dizdard M (eds.), Prehistoric Communities along the Danube, Osijek (közlésre elfogadva), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Soós Bence (Tarbay et al. 2023 in progress): The Warrior Returns Home. Non-destructive Analysis of the Late Bronze Age ”Warrior Equipment” from the Collection of the Ministry of Defense Military History Institute an, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (major revision), 2023
Tarbay János Gábor (2022a): Twin Hoards. Metals and Deposition in the Buda Hills, the Pilis and the Visegrád Mountains during the Late Bronze Age, Archaeologia Hungarica 53. Budapest, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Jovan D. Mitrović (Tarbay, Mitrović 2022): Chapter 7: Weapons and Warriors in the Late Bronze Age of the Northern and Central Balkans., In: Gyucha, A., William A. Parkinson: First Kings of Europe: From Farmers to Rulers in Southeast Europe. UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Los Angeles, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022b): Late Bronze Age Detachable Barbed Harpoons with Line-Hole and a Spur from Hungary., Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 53/3, 331-361, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (2022c): A Koszider-Period Sword from Tornyospálca-Sírkútgaz (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Hungary), Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022d): The Hajdúböszörmény-Csege-halom Hoard and its Related Finds in Europe, Praehistorische Zeitschrift, aop, 1–48, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022 in press): Copper and Bronze Age Finds from the Carpathian Basin and its adjacent areas in the Schröder Collection of the Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the Collection of, In: Ettel, P., Heinrich-Tamáska, O., Opitz, K. (eds): Mit dem Etikett „Ungarn” versehen: Funde aus dem Karpatenbecken in der Studiensammlung des Lehrstuhls für Ur- und Fr, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka (Tarbay, Maróti 2022 in press): Late Bronze Age Swords with Leaded Hilts from Hungary, Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2021 (2022), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023a in progress): Spears in the Floor: A Weapon Hoard from Velem-Szent Vid, Hungary, Archeologické rozhledy (leadott cikk, peer-review alatt), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023c in progress): The Detachable Barbed Bronze Harpoon Heads with a Loop and the Making of their Casting Molds. (leadott), In: Király, A., Essays in Honor of Zsolt Mester. Litikum., 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (2022e): The Technology, Use and Manipulation of Weapons from the Late Bronze Age Transdanubia, In: P. Barna, J., Szalontai, Cs. (eds.): Archaeological Activities and Scientific Projects of the Hungarian National Museum. Budapest, 30-31, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Kamil Nowak (Tarbay, Nowak 2022): "Northern Axes”, In: P. Barna, J., Szalontai, Cs. (eds.): Archaeological Activities and Scientific Projects of the Hungarian National Museum. Budapest, 34-35., 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Soós Bence (Tarbay, Soós 2022a): A Delhaes-gyűjtemény késő bronzkori és vaskori tárgyainak restaurálása, In: Vida, I. (ed.): Kincset érő közösség: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Közösségi Régészeti Programjának eredményei. Budapest, 47-48., 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2023d in progress): A bronzkori kard útja, Tárgyak, korok, emberek. Budapest, 2023
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022f): Beyond Burials with Weapons: Where is the ”richness” gone?, In: Dolfini, A., Frieman, C., Harrison, E., Molloy, B. (eds.): Prehistoric Warriorhood in Transition. Session 86. 28th EAA AM Budapest, 75, 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Soós Bence (Tarbay, Soós 2022b): New Approaches to Understanding Late Bronze Age Sword Deposition in the Transdanubian River Section of the Danube, In: Sampaio, H. A., Bettencourt, A., Diaz-Guardamino, M. (eds.): Waterscapes: Traces of Interaction between People and Water from Neolithic to Bronze Age Europe. 8th EAA, 2022
Szabadváry T, Tarbay JG, Soós B, Mozgai V, Pallag M (Szabadváry et al. 2021): Az Enea Lanfranconi-hagyaték régészeti és numizmatikai vonatkozásúanyaga a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményeiben, COMMUNICATIONES ARCHAEOLOGICAE HUNGARIAE 2019: (2021) pp. 51-106, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Szentmiklósi László (Tarbay et al. 2021a): Non-destructive analysis of a Late Bronze Age hoard from the Velem-Szent Vid hillfort, Journal of Archaeological Science 127, 1-25, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (2021a): The Path of a Late Bronze Age »Warrior« - The selection of Weapons in Transdanubian Scrap Hoards: Rinyaszentkirály and Keszőhidegkút., In: Bardelli G, Graells i Fabregat R (eds), Ancient Weapons. Mainz, 91-144, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (2021b): New Late Bronze Age Helmet Cheek Guard and an ’Arm Guard’ from Transdanubia, Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, 39–50, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2020a): Melted Swords and Broken Metal Vessels. A Late Bronze Age Assemblage from Tatabánya-Bánhida and the Selection of Melted Bronzes, Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae 3/7, 2020
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2020b): The Casting Mould and the Wetland Find. New Data ont he Late Bronze Age Peschiera Daggers, Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae 3/7, 5–20, 2020
Maróti Boglárka, Szentmiklósi László, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Tarbay János Gábor (Maróti et al. 2021): Velem: Supplementary Materials 2., Mendeley Data (Maróti et al. 2021), 2021
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Szentmiklósi László (Tarbay et al. 2021c): Velem: Supplementary Material 3, Mendeley Data, 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022 in progress): The legacy data of Late Bronze Age elemental composition analyses from Transdanubia, Mendeley Data, V1, doi:10.17632/s95z5xp5sr1 (közlésre elküldve, embargó 2022 dec. 1), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2022 in press): Biographical Possibilities of Spear Deposition in Transdanubia and the Late Bronze Age Spearheads from Budakeszi-Őzvölgy tető A and B hoards, In: Hršak T, Dizdard M (eds.), Prehistoric Communities along the Danube, Osijek (közlésre elfogadva), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor, Maróti Boglárka, Kis Zoltán, Káli György, Soós Bence (Tarbay et al. 2022 in progress): The Warrior Returns Home. Non-destructive Analysis of the Late Bronze Age ”Warrior Equipment” from the Collection of the Ministry of Defense Military History Institute an, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (közlésre elküldve), 2022
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2021c): Deponált lándzsák a késő bronzkori Dunántúlon, Háború, Régészet és Kulturális Örökségvédelem IV. Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum online konferencia (2021.02.22), 2021
Tarbay János Gábor (Tarbay 2021d): Changes in Late Bronze Age Transdanubian Weapon Hoarding, 27th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists. Widening Horizons. Session 232. Swords to Ploughshares – Conciliation as an alternative to conflicts. A, 2021



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